Phase 2 · 7 min

です and だ

Saying what something is

The copula links a topic to a description. です is polite, だ is plain. Beginners use です with everyone outside close friends. Nouns and な-adjectives take です directly.

watashi wa enjinia desu

I am an engineer.

kore wa dēta desu

This is data.

enjinia janai desu

I am not an engineer.

じゃないです = polite negative. でした = past. じゃなかったです = past negative.

じゃないですjanaidesu
じゃなかったですjanakattadesu
じゃないjanai
اردو

From Urdu

です is ہوں/ہے/ہیں at the end of the sentence. میں انجینئر ہوں → 私はエンジニアです. Unlike Urdu it never changes for person or gender: one form for everyone.

ไทย

From Thai

です carries the same job as ครับ/ค่ะ plus เป็น: it makes the sentence complete and polite. Drop it (だ) with friends, the way you drop ครับ.

Question: add か. 「エンジニアですか。」 'Are you an engineer?' Rising intonation, no question mark needed.

Check yourself

1 / 6

6 cards

Add them to spaced repetition

Cards in this lesson (6)

〜desu

polite 'is / am / are'

〜da

plain 'is'

〜deshita

polite past 'was'

〜janaidesu

polite 'is not'

〜ka

question marker

enjiniadesu

I am an engineer

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