Phase 3 · 12 min

Keigo foundations

尊敬語 · 謙譲語 · 丁寧語

Business Japanese runs on three registers. 丁寧語 (polite) is です/ます, which you already use. 尊敬語 (respectful) raises the listener or a third party. 謙譲語 (humble) lowers yourself. You use respectful forms for clients and seniors, humble forms for your own actions towards them.

اردو

From Urdu

You already run a register system: تو / تم / آپ, and آپ تشریف رکھیے instead of بیٹھو. 尊敬語 is the تشریف لانا / فرمانا level for others; 謙譲語 is عرض کرنا / حاضر ہونا for yourself. Same instinct, different vocabulary.

ไทย

From Thai

Thai's ครับ/ค่ะ, ท่าน, and royal vocabulary give you the idea of raising others. Japanese adds a second axis: lowering yourself (謙譲語). 申します is like saying 'your humble servant is called' instead of just 'I am'.

いたします (humble)itashimasu (humble)
申しますmoushimasu
参ります / 伺いますmairimasu / ukagaimasu
拝見しますhaikenshimasu
おりますorimasu
存じておりますzonjiteorimasu

tanaka to moushimasu. yoroshiku onegai itashimasu

My name is Tanaka. Pleased to work with you.

Humble 申します + いたします

shiryou o haiken shimashita

I have looked at the materials. (humble)

buchou wa mou irasshaimasuka

Is the department head here yet? (respectful)

Set phrases you will use every day

Never use respectful forms for yourself or your own company members when talking to outsiders. Your boss becomes humble 'Tanaka' when you speak to a client.

Check yourself

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9 cards

Add them to spaced repetition

Cards in this lesson (9)

moushimasu

humble 'to say / be called'

itashimasu

humble 'to do'

irasshaimasu

respectful 'to be / go / come'

haikenshimasu

humble 'to see'

goranninarimasu

respectful 'to see'

otsukaresama desu

colleague greeting

osewa ni natte orimasu

client email/phone opener

shouchi shimashita

Understood (to senior)

osoreirimasu ga

Sorry to trouble you, but…

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